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Anionic Polyacrylamide, A-PAM (for paper-making)
Properties:
The negatively charged carboxyl groups of anionic polyacrylamide possess selective adsorption capabilities. Its molecular chains carry -COO⁻ groups that form ionic bonds with Al3+, Ca2+, and other ions on fiber surfaces. It can also form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups, achieving crosslinking enhancement. Anionic polyacrylamide possesses ultra-high molecular weight (12~25 million). Its long-chain structure establishes a physical network between fillers and fine fibers. This network enhances primary retention rates by 8~15% and accelerate wet-end drainage. Anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) exhibits excellent water solubility and low viscosity. It dissolves completely in cold water within 30~45 minutes. After dissolution, it does not cause screen clogging or gelation. It is suitable for high-speed closed-loop addition in paper machines.
Specification:
| Products | Product Name | Degree of Hydrolysis | Molecular Weight | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC345 | Medium Low | Medium High | Wastewater Treatment |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC456 | Medium | Medium | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC556 | Medium | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC656 | High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC634 | High | Medium | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC756 | High | Medium | Enhanced Oil Recovery
(EOR) |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC767 | Very High | Medium | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC689 | Super High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC589 | Super High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC523 | Medium | Low | Drilling Fluid in Oilfield |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC689 | High | Super High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC756 | High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC556 | Medium | High | Oil field fracturing
fluid drag reducer |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC756 | High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC767 | High | Very High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC689 | Medium High | Super High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC589 | High | Super High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC345 | High | Super High | Oil field profile control
and Water plugging |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC556 | High | Super High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC589 | High | Super High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC345 | Low | Medium High | Mining |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC556 | Medium | Medium | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC65L | High | High | |
| Anionic PAM Powder | IROFLOC161 | Low | Medium | Paper Making |
Application:
1. Dry Strength Agent
When added in tandem with alum (or polyaluminum chloride), APAM at 0.25~0.5 kg/t of paper can enhance ring crush and burst strength by 10~25%. It demonstrates particularly effective results with OCC and mixed waste paper.
2. Retention/Drainage Aid
Continuous addition of 0.1~0.3 kg/t upstream of the pulp pump, combined with cationic particles (e.g., colloidal silica) to form dual flocculation, can elevate first-stage retention from 65% to over 80% and improve wire drainage by 5~15%.
3. White Water Recovery Accelerator
Add 0.5~1.5 g/m3 to the inlet of flotation or sedimentation tanks. Achieves >90% SS removal, elevates clear water reuse rate to over 90%, and reduces clear water consumption by 0.5~1 m3/t of paper.
4. Paper Machine Wastewater Pretreatment
For wastewater containing high filler content and positively charged particles, first add 30~50 g/m3 aluminum salt followed by 1~2 g/m3 APAM. This produces large, rapidly settling flocs, achieving effluent SS < 50 mg/L and reducing subsequent biochemical load.
Usage:
1. Dissolution and Preparation
Concentration: 0.05%~0.1% (too low accelerates degradation; too high impairs solubility).
Water Quality: Use clean water < 300 μS/cm to prevent transient gelation of high-valent metals.
Equipment: Variable-frequency screw feeder + low-shear agitation (line speed 1~1.5 m/s). Dissolution tank material: 304 stainless steel or PE to avoid iron ion-catalyzed degradation.
2. Dosage Point Selection
Dry Strength/Retention Aid: After pressure screen, before headbox, with optimal residence time of 10~20s; first add alum (pH 4.5~5.5), then add APAM after 3~5s interval.
White Water Flotation: At wastewater pump suction inlet, utilizing pump impeller mixing to eliminate static mixers.
3. Dosage Optimization
Conduct laboratory pilot tests using beaker-dynamic drainage apparatus (DDJ) to determine optimal dosage range; on-site paper machine adjustments employ stepwise increment method (± 10%) to prevent floc regrinding and sheet uniformity deterioration from overdosage.
4. Differentiation from Cationic/Amphoteric PAM
APAM must be used in conjunction with cationic components (aluminum salts, cationic starch, CPAM, etc.) to achieve “electro-neutralization + bridging.” When used alone, negatively charged polymers exhibit extremely low retention rates on negatively charged fibers.
Package and Storage:
25Kg/bag(Powder), 25Kg/bag(Colloid), inner bag is PVC film, outer weaved plastic bags. Keep dry.
Synonyms:
Polyacrylamide; APAM flocculant; Anionic polyacrylamide; Anionic water-soluble polymer; Anionic emulsion polymer; Cationic PAM; Poly(1-carbamoylethylene); Nsc7963; Nsc7964